

How to Grow and Use Lemongrass: A Complete Guide to Cultivating This Fragrant Herb
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) is a fast-growing, aromatic herb prized for its citrusy flavour and numerous culinary and medicinal uses. Native to tropical and subtropical regions, lemongrass thrives in warm climates but can also be grown in containers or greenhouses in cooler areas.
This guide will provide everything you need to know about growing and caring for lemongrass, from planting and maintenance to harvesting and culinary uses.
Understanding the Lemongrass Plant
Lemongrass is a perennial grass in warm climates but is often grown as an annual in cooler regions. It grows in clumps, reaching heights of 1–1.5 metres, with long, slender green leaves and a thick, bulbous base that is commonly used in cooking.
Beyond its culinary appeal, lemongrass is known for its insect-repelling properties, medicinal benefits, and ornamental value in gardens.
How to Plant Lemongrass
Lemongrass is easy to grow and can be propagated from seeds, cuttings, or store-bought stalks.
When and Where to Plant Lemongrass
- Timing: Plant lemongrass in spring or early summer once temperatures consistently stay above 10°C.
- Location: Choose a sunny, sheltered spot with plenty of warmth and at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight per day.
- Soil: Well-draining, loamy soil enriched with organic matter is ideal. A pH between 6.0 and 7.5 is best.
Steps for Planting Lemongrass
- Prepare the Soil: Enrich the planting site with compost or aged manure to improve fertility.
- Plant Seeds or Stalks: If growing from seeds, sow them 0.5 cm deep in moist soil. If using stalks, plant them 5 cm deep with the base just below the soil surface.
- Spacing: Space plants 30–45 cm apart, as lemongrass grows in large clumps.
- Water Thoroughly: Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the initial growth stage.
Caring for Lemongrass Plants
Lemongrass is a low-maintenance plant, but proper care ensures vigorous growth and high yields.
Light, Soil, and Water Requirements
- Light: Full sun is essential for strong, healthy plants.
- Soil: Well-drained, nutrient-rich soil encourages rapid growth.
- Water: Lemongrass prefers moist conditions, so water regularly during dry spells. Avoid waterlogging.
Fertiliser Needs
Feed lemongrass every 4–6 weeks with a balanced fertiliser (such as 10-10-10) or liquid seaweed feed. Organic compost or well-rotted manure also helps maintain soil fertility.
Pruning and Maintenance
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch to retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
- Trimming: Cut back old or damaged leaves to promote fresh growth.
- Overwintering: In colder regions, dig up and pot lemongrass plants before the first frost, placing them indoors in a warm, bright location.
Propagating Lemongrass
Lemongrass can be easily propagated from cuttings or by division.
- From Stalks: Place store-bought lemongrass stalks in water until roots develop, then plant them in soil.
- By Division: Separate mature clumps into smaller sections and replant them in fresh soil.
Companion Planting and Considerations
Lemongrass is an excellent companion plant due to its insect-repelling properties.
- Best companions: Basil, mint, and tomatoes, as lemongrass deters pests such as aphids and whiteflies.
- Avoid planting near: Plants that require dry soil, as lemongrass thrives in moist conditions.
Common Pests and Diseases
Lemongrass is generally pest-resistant but may encounter occasional issues.
- Aphids and Spider Mites – Spray with neem oil or insecticidal soap if infestations occur.
- Fungal Diseases – Prevent root rot and mildew by ensuring good air circulation and avoiding excessive watering.
- Rust – Remove affected leaves and apply a fungicide if necessary.
Harvesting Lemongrass
Lemongrass can be harvested throughout the growing season once the stalks reach at least 30 cm in height.
- When to Harvest: Begin harvesting after 3–4 months of growth. Older stalks develop more flavour.
- How to Harvest: Use a sharp knife or shears to cut the stalks at ground level. Remove the tough outer layers before using.
- Storage: Store fresh lemongrass stalks in the refrigerator for up to two weeks or freeze them for long-term use. Dried leaves can be stored in airtight containers.
Cooking and Culinary Uses for Lemongrass
Lemongrass’s fresh citrusy flavour makes it a staple in Southeast Asian and Indian cuisine.
- Soups and Curries – Used in Thai and Vietnamese dishes like Tom Yum soup and coconut curries.
- Teas and Infusions – Brew fresh or dried leaves for a refreshing herbal tea.
- Marinades – Adds a zesty flavour to chicken, fish, and tofu dishes.
- Stir-Fries – Finely chopped lemongrass enhances the flavour of stir-fried vegetables and meats.
- Desserts – Used in syrups and baked goods for a unique citrus twist.
Lemongrass pairs well with ingredients like ginger, garlic, chilli, and coconut milk, making it a versatile herb in the kitchen.
The Joy of Growing Lemongrass
Lemongrass is a rewarding herb to grow, offering fresh, homegrown flavour and a range of health benefits. Its vibrant green foliage, fragrant scent, and ability to deter pests make it a valuable addition to any garden.
Start growing lemongrass today and enjoy its refreshing taste in your favourite dishes, homemade teas, and herbal remedies. Whether in a pot, raised bed, or tropical garden, lemongrass is a fantastic plant that enhances both your garden and your kitchen.